Lu Jiandong

4.51140 learners

This book chronicles the final twenty years (1949–1969) of Chen Yinke, one of 20th-century China’s preeminent historians, as he navigates profound political upheaval in Lingnan (Guangzhou). After rejecting offers to relocate to Taiwan, Chen was warmly welcomed by Lingnan University president Chen Xujing, who shielded him from early political pressures and enabled his academic work. Though facing declining student interest, ideological campaigns, and repeated attempts to co-opt his scholarship, Chen unwaveringly defended his core creed: "independent spirit, free thought." He refused a top position at the Chinese Academy of Sciences rather than compromise his academic autonomy, and produced landmark works like *On Regeneration* and *Liu Rushi Biography*—pieces blending rigorous textual research with personal lament for fading traditional culture. The book traces his struggles through purges, the Cultural Revolution, and physical decline, highlighting his unyielding commitment to intellectual integrity as a symbol of cultural resilience amid chaos.

Louis Menand

4.3663 learners

Louis Menand’s *The Metaphysical Club* chronicles the turbulent origins of American pragmatism, the philosophy that would shape the nation’s intellectual identity. Set against the Civil War and its aftermath, the book follows a circle of brilliant thinkers—Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Dewey—who forged their ideas in battlefield trauma, scientific debate, and social upheaval. From Holmes’ brutal war experiences that birthed his legal realism, to James’ struggle to reconcile science and faith, to Peirce’s groundbreaking logical framework, and Dewey’s radical educational experiments, Menand reveals how these men gathered in 1870s Cambridge to form the Metaphysical Club. Their informal discussions rejected abstract metaphysics, prioritizing ideas’ real-world effects. This work unpacks how their collective thinking evolved into a philosophy that transformed American law, education, and notions of freedom, leaving an indelible mark on modern American life.