Make It Stick
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Make It Stick

Peter C. Brown;Henry L. Roediger III;Mark A. McDaniel

4.51078 learners

Based on decades of cognitive science research, *Make It Stick* dismantles pervasive myths about learning—like the false belief that cramming or repetitive reading builds lasting knowledge. Authors Peter C. Brown and Henry L. Roediger III reveal counterintuitive, evidence-backed strategies that transform how we retain and apply information. From retrieval practice (self-quizzing) and spaced repetition to interleaved learning and embracing 'desirable difficulties,' the book uses real-world examples—from pilots and surgeons to students and athletes—to show how these methods strengthen memory, build flexible mental models, and foster a growth mindset. It also addresses cognitive illusions like the fluency effect and metacognitive biases that lead us to overestimate our knowledge, equipping readers with tools to calibrate their learning and turn effort into lasting expertise.

Growth MindsetMental ModelsRetrieval practiceSpaced practiceInterleaved practice
Concept

Desirable Difficulty

Short-term frustrating methods (spaced practice, interleaving) help you learn more solidly and flexibly in the long run.

Deep LearningMemoryLearning Method
Concept

Spaced Practice

Spaced practice means spreading out your review sessions over time, instead of cramming all study into one single session. The small gap between reviews forces you to put more effort into recalling content.

LearningMemoryStudy Habit
Scenario

Pre-Med Student Grade Jump

Pre-med student Michael Young scored only 65 on his first exam, then switched from rereading to retrieval and spaced practice. He became one of the top performing students in his entire medical school cohort later.

Study MethodMedicineStudent Success
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